WebOct 28, 2024 · Bollinger, a 2003 landmark decision that held colleges can consider race and use holistic reviews as long as their affirmative action programs are narrowly tailored. WebStrict scrutiny is not the proper standard for evaluating "benign" racial discrimination (e.g., affirmative action) by a state that is intended to include rather than exclude racial minorities. Court should use some deference so that government entities are encouraged to adopt inclusive policies.

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Web9 hours ago · Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger, affirmed the importance of diversity on college campuses, Goldgeier said. “The only reason that we can consider race and … WebBollinger: Affirmative Action Wins Wendy Parker1 In 1996, at the age of forty-three, Barbara Grutter decided a career change was in order. She applied to a nearby law school, the University of Michigan Law School, with the hopes of becoming a health care attorney. A white woman, she had graduated from Michigan State griffith single

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WebLee C. Bollinger (1946– ), a legal scholar of the First Amendment and freedom of speech, is best known for advocating tolerance theory, which argues that broad acceptance for … WebBollinger (2003) is a supreme court case in which The University of Michigan Law School denied entrance to Barbara Grutter, who was an student with a 3.8 GPA and a 161 LSAT score. She sued the university, and the then-president Lee Bollinger was the defendant. WebGrutter v. Bollinger. In June 2003, two major Supreme Court level cases were in direct association with the affirmative action standard upheld by the University of Michigan. The first case was between Barbara Grutter and President Lee Bollinger. The lawsuit directly involved the Law school and the affirmative action policies it practiced. griffith singer folk country dies